Inequality And Class Conflict A Labor Theory Perspective

Inequality and Class Conflict: A Labor Theory Perspective Erich Guetzlaff Daniel Dinnebeil Curtis Jenkins Matt Martinez The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey November 19, 2014 Income inequality has reached a level of instability which has not been seen since the years leading up to the Great Depression. Income inequality refers to the difference of real income received by the varying socio-economic classes within an economy. There is no better example of this then the Great Depression in which greed sent twenty-five percent of the population into unemployment. Inequality.org defines income as â€Å"†¦the revenue streams from wages, salaries, interest on a savings account, dividends from shares of stock, rent, and profits from selling something for more than you paid for it.† As indicated in Figure 1 and discussed by Marcie Gardner and David Abraham in â€Å"Income Inequality†, the median U.S. household income in 2012 totaled $51,017. It wasn’t until The Great Recession (2007-2009) that the economy saw similar inequality as depicted during The Great Depression. Incomes were hit hard across the board. Median household income declin ed 8.1 percent between 2007 and 2012 (See Appendix A – Figure 1). In relation to economic recovery, after the Great Depression, between the end of World War II and the late 1970s, income equality in the United States was becoming more stable. To elaborate briefly, incomes at the bottom were rising faster than those at the top. SinceShow MoreRelatedConflict Theory1217 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Conflict Theory, society is: †¢ A struggle for dominance among competing social groups (classes, genders, races, religions, etc.). When conflict theorists look at society, they see the social domination of subordinate groups through the power, authority, and coercion of dominant groups. 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According to Karl Marx, in all stratified societies there are two major social groups: a ruling class and a subject class. The ruling class exploitsRead MoreKarl Marx s View Of Contemporary Social Ills1674 Words   |  7 Pageshave shown that such decisions in most cases are made to service the elite’s value and economic interests; property ownership or production. Such directions within the society cause resentment and inequality when the larger mass is not included in the decision making. The inequality makes the elite class to enforce their wishes and will on the less fortunate (Jessop 174). This essay seeks to give a discussion of Karl Marx’s view of contemporary social ills, and how this is symbolic of the ongoing

Character Analysis Of Watchmen And Jimmy Corrig The...

The superhero archetype is traditionally a staple of the comic book medium. The Golden Age of comics, a period of comic publishing between the 1930s and early 1950s, was rife with larger-than-life super-human figures, who often served as an escape from the anxieties produced by war and everyday life. Superheroes like Superman, Batman, and Captain America function as cultural representations of idealism and the American Dream. However, representations of heroism in comic books has shifted significantly since the bright-eyed idealism and Romanticism of the Golden Age. In the Modern Age of comic publishing, contemporary comics tend to appropriate, adapt, and deconstruct tropes from the Golden and Silver Age of comics. Ultimately,†¦show more content†¦The text is wrought with nihilism, cynicism, and multiple characters who are affected by the power of the abyss. The Comedian s big joke is that there is no point to anything, and he does not really care. It is not a particularly f unny ‘joke’, but it ultimately speaks to the motif of nihilism within the comic. This sensation of nihilism is aligned with the corruption of the American Hero archetype. It is impossible to ignore the fact that the novel is constructed around a sort of alternative future/past, an alternate universe that functions within a political climate which exacerbates the tensions between America and other nations, as well as internally. There is a sort of anti-Romanticism about this text that renders the characters more human, despite the fact that they are supposed to be the hero figures. The inclusion of Hollis Mason’s Under The Hood, excerpts from a fictional extra-textual element of the story prove that chronicle the first wave of vigilante heroes, reveals that even the initial Minutemen began to realize to what extent they were only people, especially when their roles as heroes are trumped by the advent of the superhero, new powerful entities that alter the course of history. The traditional hero is displaced in the new social order of Watchmen, as well as in the contemporary genre of

Nursing Case Study Blood Vessels and Inflammatory

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Case Study for Blood Vessels and Inflammatory. Answer: 1. Physical and chemical action on the endothelial barrier of the arteries are mainly responsible for atheroma formation in an individual. Free radicals generated from smoking environmental pollution, high level of low density lipoproteins (LDL) glucose and trauma to blood vessels can cause injury to the endothelia barrier. Leukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs) are dormant in normal state, however, in case of injury to the blood vessels, WBCs get triggered in the wall of blood vessels and produces inflammatory response by releasing inflammatory mediators. In the inflammatory state, endothelium of the blood vessels generates adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and secretes monocyte chemoattractant protein (MPC-1). Increased level of LDL stimulates VCAM-1 and MPC-1 to attract monocytes and T-lymphocytes at the site on injury under due to chemokines. These monocytes get converted into the macrophases. Macrophases express scavenger receptors on their surface and bind to the modified LDL and as a result, form of the macrophages changed to foamy and which is called as macrophage foam cells. In cases of atheroma formation, there is low level of high density lipoprotein (HDL). High level of HDL prevent atherosclerosis by eliminating cholesterol and inflammatory cells from foam cells (Hao and Friedman, 2014; Libby, 2002). 2. Neurovascular assessment of wrist injury can be evaluated by assessing pain, swelling sensation, temperature, and motor function. If the existing pain in an individual is not proportionate to the injury of the person, it indicates neurovascular problem of the person. Pain in case Mr Marconi is occurred as a result of passive extension and flexion movement of wrist. This pain designate neurovascular problem in Mr Marconi. One of the prominent complications of neurovascular problem is swelling. It has been observed that there is swelling on the left wrist of Mr Marconi. Vascular complications like inadequate arterial supply and to inadequate venous return are responsible for hollow or prune like swelling and distended or tense swelling respectively. In case of injury, there are the possibilities of nerve obstruction and injury to the peripheral nerve. Due to this nerve obstruction and injury to the peripheral nerve, there is reduced or loss of sensation, deadness, dysaesthesia and burning sensation. Due to injury, detected neurovascular problem is reduced venous return. Due to the reduced venous return, there is the increase temperature in the affected area and in case of Mr Marconi temperature is increased. In neurovascular disease, there is the disturbance in the motor function. It is observed that, there is the difficulty in movement of wrist in Mr Marconi due to injury radial nerve and median Nerve. (Nuber, et al., 1998). 3. a. Request/consent form should be there with information containing Mr Marconi name, date of birth, age, full address, clinical history and medications. Following are the vital signs recorded at 06:30 List the vital sign Respiratory Rate 21-30 O2 Saturation 93 % O2 Flow Rate 5 (L / min) Systolic BP 120 Heart Rate 90 Temperature 38.6C 4 Hour Urine Output 450 mL Consciousness Alert Following are the abnormal signs observed: (Barfod, et al., 2012) List the vital sign O2 Saturation 93 Slightly hypoxemia O2 Flow Rate 5 Hypo Systolic BP 120 Prehypertension Temperature 38.6C Hyper ADDS Score for Mr. Marconi : ADDS Score Respiratory Rate 1 O2 Saturation 0 O2 Flow Rate 2 Systolic BP 0 Heart Rate 0 Temperature 2 4 Hour Urine Output 0 Consciousness 0 Total ADDS 5 Nurse should accompany Mr Marconi when he leaves the ward to go to the X-ray department. 4. One of the major reasons for fall in elderly patients is polypharmacy. Mr Marconi is consuming medicines like atenolol, ramipril, lantus and lipitor. Most of these medicines are for the cardiovascular and related indications and it is reported that medicines for these indications can cause fall in the elderly patients. Mr Marconi is suffering from diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, his vital signs like pulse rate (105) and respiratory rate (28 bpm) are deviating from normal range. As , Mr Marconi is not taking proper meals, he is going through malnutrition and it is responsible for rise in temperature of Mr Marconi. In case of Mr Marconi, fall occurs when he was using bathroom. It is well established that fall in the bathroom is one of the main reasons for fall in the elderly patients. These were the reasons for fall of Mr Marconi. (Chester and Rudolph, 2011; Fialova et al., 2005). 5. Major Changes observed in pneumonia patients are accumulation of fluid and edema formation in the alveoli. Due to the edema formation in the alveoli results in the blocking of air flow in the alveoli and reduced external respiration. In external respiration, air from the environment is inhaled into the body to provide oxygen to the lungs and air is expelled from the body to the outside to eliminate carbon dioxide from the body. In usual gas transport there is diffusion of oxygen from lung alveoli to the blood in the blood vessels and removal of carbon dioxide from the blood in blood vessels to the alveoli. In case of pneumonia there is the reduced external respiration and impaired gas exchange. This impaired gas exchange in Mr Marconi leads to the alteration in the O2:CO2 and reduced level of oxygen in the blood. As a final consequence, there is the decreased carbon dioxide level in the blood. (Lahiri et al., 1978; Brunner, et al., 1982). 6. a. O2 and CO2 are the two gases detected in the blood. O2 and CO2 gases are detected at peripheral chemoreceptors through innervation of glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve b in the carotid arteries and vagus (X) nerve in the aortic arch. O2 and CO2 gases are also detected at baroreceptors at the walls of blood vessel. Control centre for these receptors is respiratory rhythmicity centre and it is located in the medulla oblongata which comprises a dorsal respiratory group (DRG) and a ventral respiratory group (VRG). In Mr Marconi SaPO2 is 91%, which is less than normal range. This reduced SaPO2 leads to the altered O2:CO2 ratio. In this case of Mr Marconi, it exhibits decreased level of O2 and increased level of CO2 in the blood. It is well established that fever raises the level of CO2 as compared to the O2 in the body. To neutralize the increased level of CO2 in the blood, person needs to breathe at faster rate. CO2 is exchanged in the form of bicarbonate ion between alveoli and blood. Increased level of CO2 results in anaerobic respiration which leads to increased rate of respiration. Chemical control of breathing is specially depends on the carbon dioxideintheblood. This respiratory rate in a person can can be measured using spirometer (Lahiri and Forster, 2003; Brendan, et al., 2000). 7. First step in the analysis of sputum sample is to identify type of gram stain such as gram positive and gram negative stain. This is called culture method in which sputum sample is incubated on the culture media and this culture media allowed the growth of bacteria. These bacteria may be either pathogenic or non-pathogenic. In this testing, if pathogenic bacteria are identified, antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be carried out. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be carried out to identify the antibiotic resistance to identified bacteria. Identification of the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotic helps in the prescription of antibiotic that are susceptible to the identified bacteria. Methods available for susceptibility testing are broth micro dilution or rapid automated instrument method (Jorgensen and Ferraro., 2009). 8. a. Factors responsible for release of renin are : sympathetic nerve stimulation through 1-adrenoceptors on the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells present in kidney, reduced level of tubular NaCl and reduced afferent arteriole pressure. . Target for the action of renin is angiotensinogen in the liver. Angiotensinogen facilitates conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) facilitates conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. ACE is found in the lung and epithelial cells of endothelial and kidney. Angiotensin II acts on the adrenal gland to secret aldosterone which aids tubular Na+ Cl- reabsorption and K+ excretion, consequently there is the increase in the blood pressure. Angiotensin II acts on the Angiotensin I (AT1) receptor which releases Ca++, this results in the reduced level of cAMP and increased blood pressure. Ramipril acts by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and it is used for treatment of indications like hypertension and congestive heart failure. (Paul et al., 2006; Kumar et al., 2008; Frampton and Peters, 1995) 9. Insulin binds to the extracellular portion of cell membrane-bound insulin receptors. In the presence of insulin molecule, insulin and its receptor gets converted into tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and IRS-1 bound to the activated insulin receptor. As a result, there is incorporation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) into the cell membranes of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. GLUT4 promotes uptake of glucose in the tissues from the blood. Insulin stimulates storage of glucose in liver and skeletal muscle as glycogen as a reservoir by activating glycogen synthase enzyme. Insulin aid dephosphorylation of phosphofructokinase which facilitate glycolysis i.e. breakdown of glucose (Sonksen and Sonksen 2000; Wilcox, 2005). 10. Abnormal signs O2 Saturation 85-89 % O2 Flow Rate 5 (L / min) Systolic BP 190 Heart Rate 120 Consciousness To Voice Mr Marconi is feeling sleepy and he is refusing to eat. This indicates there is the reduced level of consciousness in Mr Marconi. This leads to the decrease alert, voice, pain, unresponsive (AVPU) scale. Also doctor diagnosed Mr Marconi with pneumonia. In pneumonia, there is the accumulation of fluid in the respiratory tract and this leads to the increased rate of breathing in Mr Marconi. This increase rate of breathing reduced AVPU scale, which is indicator of reduced consciousness in Mr Marconi. Decreased consciousness level is associated with both impaired glycaemic control. In case Mr Marconi, there is hypoglycaemic condition is evident and this hypoglycaemic condition also plays role in decreasing AVPU scale. Mr Marconi consuming four drugs and as a result there is the possibility of drug-drug interaction within these drugs. These drugs can negatively affect treatment of other drugs and can exaggerate adverse effects of other drugs. Hence consumption of atenolol, ramipril, lantu s and lipitor together is responsible for deterioration of the condition of Mr Marconi (Sprague and Arbelez, 2011; Golden et al., 1997). References: Barfod, C. (2012). Abnormal vital signs are strong predictors for intensive care unit admission and in-hospital mortality in adults triaged in the emergency department - a prospective cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 20, 28. doi: 10.1186/1757-7241-20-28. Brendan, C., Kevin, G., Cliffoed, W.Z. (2000).The control of breathing in clinical practice. Chest, 117(1), 205-225. Brunner, M.J., Sussman, M.S., Greene, A.S, Kallman, C.H., Shoukas, A.A (1982). Carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control respiration. Circulation Research , 51(5), 624- 636. Chester, J.G., Rudolph, J.L. (2011). Vital signs in older patients: Age-related changes. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 12(5), 337343. Fialova, D., Topinkova, E., Gambassi, G., Finne-Soveri, H., Jonsson, P., Carpenter, I., et al. (2005). Potentially inappropriate medication use among elderly home care patients in Europe. Journal of the American Medical Association, 293, 13481358. Frampton, J.E, Peters, D.H. (1995). Ramipril. An updated review of its therapeutic use in essential hypertension and heart failure. Drugs, 49(3), 44066. Golden, F.S.C., Tipton, M.J. Scott, R.C. (1997). Immersion, near-drowning and drowning. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 79, 214-225. Hao, W., Friedman, A. (2014). The LDL-HDL profile determines the risk of atherosclerosis: a mathematical model. PLoS One, 9(3), e90497. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090497. Jorgensen, J.H., and Ferraro, M.J. (2009). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: A review of general principles and contemporary practices. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 49(11), 1749-1755. Lahiri, S., Forster, R.E. (2003). CO2/H(+) sensing: Peripheral and central chemoreception. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology , 35(10), 1413-1435. Lahiri, S., Mokashi, A., Delaney, R.G., Fishman, A.P. (1978). Arterial PO2 and PCO2 stimulus threshold for carotid chemoreceptors and breathing. Respiration Physiology, 34(3), 359-375. Libby, P. (2002). Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature, 420(6917), 868-74. Kumar, R., Singh, V.P., Baker, K.M. (2008). The intracellular renin-angiotensin system: implications in cardiovascular remodeling. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension, 17 (2), 16873. Nuber, G.W., Assenmacher, J., Bowen, M.K. (1998). Neurovascular problems in the forearm, wrist, and hand. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 17(3), 585-610. Paul, M., Poyan Mehr, A., Kreutz, R. (2006). Physiology of local renin-angiotensin systems. Physiological Reviews, 86(3), 747803. Sonksen, P., Sonksen, J. (2000). Insulin: understanding its action in health and disease. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 85(1), 6979. Sprague, J.E. Arbelez, A. M. (2011). Glucose Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia. Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews, 9(1), 463475. Wilcox, G. (2005). Insulin and Insulin Resistance. Clinical Biochemist Reviews, 26(2), 1939.

Why I Love Basketball Essay Example For Students

Why I Love Basketball Essay It was early June when my parents sent me to basketball camp that was near Detroit. It was a two week long program that was based on fitness, exersise, and how to play better. There was 5 large buildings, There was 4 dormitories, 1 had a cafeterea, and the gym. When I first walked into the dorm where I would get the key to my room and some other stuff, there was a large line and many people with there kids. There was many different age groups. I got my key and brang my suitcases to the room number that was on the key and went to my room. There was a small bathroom with a toilet and faucet, there was to beds a dresser and a small window. We will write a custom essay on Why I Love Basketball specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There was 5 minutes to get to your rooms, leave your suitcases and get back downstairs. There was a man who was already talking about where everything was and two other people were passing around sheets of paper with rules, location of basketball gym and cafetera, and some other information. After this there was a small lunch, He told us That basketball would start at 8:00am everyday for the next 13 days. I went to my room and when i got there the door was open, I saw a tall black- skinned man with his back to me. I said Hey! and then when he turned around i said what the hell are you doin? He said This is my room. then he said let me see your key. i gave it to him and he looked down at it and then said while looking down i guess were roomates. He told me his name was bryon. We unpacked our suitcases and I washed up. We plugged in the Stereo, listened to music and ate junk food. We quickly became good freinds. We stayed up late and we couldnt get up when our clock buzzed 7:00am we both showered and got dressed and got down to the cafeterea we ate quickly and when we got to the gym the coach told us that we were all late. And he did not want this to happen again. He made us push extra hard that first day, we did many pushups, reactions, and other hard drills. The other coaches seperated us into age groups and then into teams. The other coaches showed us some moves and other things. Me and Bryon were put into different teams but it was fun playing against eachother and i enjoyed myself very much. The 2 weeks went by fast and before I knew it we were packing our suit cases. I said my goodbyes and I left. Bryon still calls me every so often to see how its goin and what im doin. I learned that someones race/appearance does not matter and that it is a persons personality that does.